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[26] Ibid.
[27] Global Preparedness Monitoring Board (GPMB) (2019) “A World at Risk: Annual report on global preparedness for health emergencies,” Accessed September 10, 2020 <https://apps.who.int/gpmb/assets/ annual_report/GPMB_Annual_Report_English.pdf>
[28] World Bank (2020) “Protecting People and Economies: Integrating Policy Responses to COVID-19,” Accessed September 10, 2020 <http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/879461587402282989/pdf/Protecting-People-and-Economies-Integrated-Policy-Responses-to-COVID-19.pdf>
[29] McKinsey & Company (2020) “Prioritizing health: A prescription for prosperity,” Accessed September 10, 2020 <https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/prioritizing-health-a-prescription-for-prosperity>
[30] COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition (2020) “Global coalition to accelerate COVID-19 clinical research in resource-limited settings,” The Lancet, 395(10233): P1322-25.
[31] Wadman, M et al (2020) “How does coronavirus kill? Clinicians trace a ferocious rampage through the body, from brain to toes,” Science, April 17, 2020. Accessed 10 September 2020 <https://www.sciencemag.org/ news/2020/04/how-does-coronavirus-kill-clinicians-trace-ferocious-rampage-through-body-brain-toes>
[32] Pachetti, M, Marini, B, Benedetti, F et al (2020) “Emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutation hot spots include a novel RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase variant,” Journal of Translational Medicine 18, 179.
[33] Flaxman, S, Mishra, S, Gandy, A (2020) “Estimating the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in Europe,” Nature, 584:257–261.
[34] Hsiang, S, Allen, D, Annan-Phan, S (2020) “The effect of large-scale anti-contagion policies on the COVID-19 pandemic,” Nature, 584:262–267.
[35] Lancet (2020) “Global governance for COVID-19 vaccines,” The Lancet 395(10241):1883.
[36] Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research (2020) ”Joint CCGHR-CSIH Statement and Call to Action: Defeating COVID-19 Calls for Global Solidarity, not vaccine Power play,” Accessed September 11, 2020 <www.ccghr.ca/ joint-ccghr-csih-statement-call-action-defeating-covid-19-calls-global-solidarity-vaccine-power-play/>
[37] WHO (2020) “ACT-Accelerator update. June 26, 2020,” Accessed September 12, 2020 <https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/26-06-2020-act-accelerator-update>
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[39] Callaway, E (2020) “The unequal scramble for coronavirus vaccines — by the numbers,” Nature Explainer, Accessed September 11, 2020 <https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02450-x>
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[41] McKinsey & Company (2020) “Not the last pandemic: Investing now to reimagine public-health systems,” Accessed September 10, 2020 <https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-and-social-sector/our-insights/not-the-last-pandemic-investing-now-to-reimagine-public-health-systems>
[42] Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) (2020) “UN Research Roadmap for the COVID-19 Recovery,” Accessed September 11, 2020 <https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/52101.html>
[43] Ibid.
[44] UN (2020) “A UN framework for the immediate socio-economic response to COVID-19,” Accessed September 11, 2020 <https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/UN-framework-for-the-immediate-socio-economic-response-to-COVID-19.pdf>
[45] See GPMB (2020).
[46] UN (2016) “Human Security Handbook,” Human Security Unit. Accessed September 11, 2020 <https://www.un.org/humansecurity/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/h2.pdf>
[47] McKinsey & Company (2020) “The great balancing act: Managing the coming $30 trillion deficit while restoring economic growth,” Accessed September 11, 2020 <https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-and-social-sector/our-insights/the-great-balancing-act-managing-the-coming-30-trillion-dollar-deficit-while-restoring-economic-growth>
[48] Rivers, C, Martin, E, Meyer, D, et al (2020) “Modernizing and Expanding Outbreak Science to Support Better Decision Making During Public Health Crises: Lessons for COVID-19 and Beyond,“ Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security. Accessed September 10, 2020 <https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-work/pubs_archive/pubs-pdfs/2020/200324-outbreak-science.pdf>
[49] World Bank (2020) “World Bank Group Increases COVID-19 Response to $14 Billion To Help Sustain Economies, Protect Jobs,“ Accessed September 10, 2020 <https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2020/ 03/17/world-bank-group-increases-covid-19-response-to-14-billion-to-help-sustain-economies-protect-jobs>
[50] IMF (2020) “COVID-19 Financial Assistance and Debt Service Relief,” Accessed September 11, 2020 <https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/COVID-Lending-Tracker>
[51] WHO (2020) “WHO COVID-19 Preparedness and Response Progress Report – 1 February to 30 June 2020,” Accessed September 10, 2020 <www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/srp-covid-19-6month.pdf>
[52] See GPMB (2019).
[53] McKinsey & Company (2020) “Prioritizing Health: A Prescription for Prosperity,” Accessed September 11, 2020 <http://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/prioritizing-health-a-prescription-for-prosperity>
[54] See GPMB (2019).
[55] Oxford Policy Management (2020) “What does it take to build the preparedness of health systems to manage shocks like COVID-19?,” Accessed September 10, 2020 <https://www.opml.co.uk/blog/what-does-it-take-to-build-the-preparedness-of-health-systems-to-manage-shocks-like-covid-19>
[56] UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2020) “COVID-19 Global Humanitarian Response Plan,” Accessed September 11, 2020 <https://fts.unocha.org/appeals/952/summary>
[57] WHO (2020) “Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator,” Accessed September 10, 2020 at <https://www.who.int/who-documents-detail/access-to-covid-19-tools-(act)-accelerator>
[58] Global Preparedness Monitoring Board (GPMB) (2019) “A World at Risk: Annual report on global preparedness for health emergencies,” Accessed September 10, 2020 <https://apps.who.int/gpmb/assets/ annual_report/GPMB_Annual_Report_English.pdf>