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ngq, you sexy beast! Here is a sanity check for that clean meta. ;)

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The WHO and UNHCR signed an agreement to strengthen partnerships and operational capacities that focus on improving access to health services for some 70 million forcibly displaced people around the world from COVID-19. The poorest countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America are facing pandemic-induced economic and public-health emergencies that demand immediate action. G20 leaders therefore must agree now on measures to prevent the current recession from deepening, and to mitigate its impact on the world’s most vulnerable people. We are at a critical moment, because the poorest countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America are facing economic and public-health emergencies that demand immediate action.

[post_title] => A call to protect vulnerable populations from COVID-19 [post_excerpt] => The WHO and UNHCR signed an agreement to strengthen partnerships and operational capacities that focus on improving access [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => a-call-to-protect-vulnerable-populations-from-covid-19 [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2020-11-03 09:33:18 [post_modified_gmt] => 2020-11-03 14:33:18 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://covid19.dighr.org/developments/a-call-to-protect-vulnerable-populations-from-covid-19/ [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => development [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [1] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 2008 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2020-05-24 09:02:54 [post_date_gmt] => 2020-05-20 13:01:54 [post_content] =>

The growing pandemic funding gap

The gap between donor commitments and the funding needed to respond to the pandemic continues to grow. As the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs tripled its appeal last week to US$6.7 billion, they admit to only receiving US$1 billion towards its initial request for US$2 billion. That includes a mere $65 million contribution from the U.S. that a senator described as “unconscionable,” while the Washington Post reports the US$3 trillion COVID-19 bill introduced by Democrats this past week contains no funding for international assistance. Germany and France likewise agreed to support a 500 billion Euro aid package to support E.U. countries with recovery from the pandemic.

NGOs such as the International Rescue Committee argue that much of the aid is stuck within multilateral channels, as humanitarian funding to front-line NGOs accounts for only 2% of commitments under the UN Global Humanitarian Response Plan.

The global economy is shrinking, and 130 million people may be pushed into extreme poverty

Global economic output is expected to drop by 3.5% in 2020, and by US$8.5 trillion over the next two years as a result of the pandemic. The UN World Economic Situation and Prospects report warns that an additional 34 million people could fall below the extreme poverty line by the end of this year. The UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs did “not anticipate (the global economy) would dive as quickly as it did” amidst the sharpest economic contraction since the Great Depression. The report projects that by 2030, an estimated 130 million will be pushed into extreme poverty. Africa is expected to absorb 56% of the rise in poverty, in part due to limited economic and social protection measures as well as debt burdens.

In the World Economic Forum’s weforum.org, the Dean of the Wharton Business School projects that COVID-19 would also reverse trends in globalization and urbanization. The resulting compression of the global economy, he predicts, will be further impacted by reduction in international cooperation and increased likelihood of international conflict.

250 million Africans could be infected, with up to 190,000 dead by years’ end

Modelling by the WHO predicts that nearly a quarter of a billion people across 47 African countries will be infected with the Coronavirus, with as many as 190,000 projected mortalities by year’s end, according to a study to be published in BMJ Global Health. While African countries may experience fewer severe cases and deaths per capita due to younger populations and lower obesity rates, health system capacity gaps and disruptions in maternal and child health could result in additional deaths.=

ODI calls for increased solidarity to support developing countries

The Overseas Development Institute estimates that the economic impacts of the pandemic to sub-Saharan Africa remain uncertain but will likely exceed $100 billion. While many countries have imposed stringent measures to contain the spread of the virus, there are immediate and long-term concerns about the lag in economic and social protection measures as governments face major liquidity and fiscal constraints. Since much of the global economic dislocation stems from decisions to protect citizens in wealthier countries, the ODI calls for increased international solidarity to support developing countries. That can include special drawing rights to address capital outflows, moratoria on debt service repayments, development finance to provide liquidity to protect employment, as well as non-concessional lending and economic resource packages as aid.

Rising Inequity Gap

The IMF warns that COVID-19 could widen the inequality gap between rich and poor across and within countries, urging policymakers to put in place risk-sharing and social assistance mechanisms to protect the most vulnerable from economic impacts. Using past pandemics as a guide, the analysis shows net increases in Gini coefficient (a measure of inequity within a country) after five years as well as long-term impacts due to job loss and other shocks to income (e.g. lower remittances). To minimize long-term damage (or “scarring”) to the livelihoods of vulnerable communities – and improve resilience to future shocks (including the effects of climate change), the IMF urges countries to consider a range of measures including:

  1. Access to sick leave, unemployment benefits, and health benefits;
  2. A “New Deal,” particularly in countries where the employment sector is largely informal and where social protection systems are limited; and
  3. Expanding social assistance systems, introducing new transfers, boosting public work programs, and progressive tax measures.

“Nothing lays bare inequality and discrimination like a disaster”

In a forceful address on the human rights dimensions of the COVID-19 pandemic, the UN Special Representative for Disaster Risk Reduction highlighted the disproportionate impact on marginalized and vulnerable populations, amplifying social inequities, forced displacement as well as gender- based violence. The central message was that the international community “must do more.” This includes treating persons at risk as people with human rights and not just as beneficiaries of humanitarian actions, who are consulted in decision-making relevant to their lives, and to foster greater resilience by focusing on the drivers of disaster risk, including poverty, lack of international solidarity and pandemic preparedness, and increasing frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events.

‘Donor states can and must do more’

According to a Devex survey of development professionals, two thirds say donors are not doing enough to respond to the Coronavirus. The UN estimates that US$500 billion will be needed to address the pandemic in developing countries, as Oxfam urged 30 donors of the OECD Development Assistance Committee to contribute $300 billion. In addition to more funding, development experts point to three other steps donors should take:

  1. Simplified funding mechanisms for a faster response;
  2. Clarity and transparency on decisions; and
  3. Looking beyond the immediate needs, including longer-term impacts of COVID-19 and what preparation is needed now to respond to those.
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“Impartial, independent, and comprehensive evaluation”

For the first time in the WHO’s history, its annual World Health Assembly (WHA) was entirely virtual. With a focus almost entirely on the Coronavirus pandemic, the condensed two-day meeting was preceded by three weeks of intense negotiations.

The most significant outcome this year was the adoption of a COVID-19 resolution that was proposed by the European Union and supported by 120 countries that contained three major elements (A73/CONF/1), including an “impartial, independent, and comprehensive evaluation (of the) international health response to COVID-19.” In the closing remarks, the WHO Director General affirmed that the review would take place “as soon as possible.”

Rising geopolitical tensions shape emergent Global Health institutions and practices

The WHA opened with a failed motion to grant Taiwan Observer status, underscoring growing tensions in part arising from accusations by the U.S. (and shared by other Western and Pacific Asian countries) that China was not transparent in the early days of the pandemic.

In a letter, the U.S. President threatened to permanently eliminate the funding that was temporarily withdrawn from the WHO, suggesting the U.S. would pursue bilateral aid channels including US$500 million to 40 ‘at risk’ countries. The President of China addressed the Assembly directly pledging US$2 billion over the next two years to support COVID-19 response efforts in developing countries, and an ambition to establish China as a “global humanitarian response capital and hub.” Focusing on African countries in particular, President Xi referenced debt suspension initiatives, building “green corridors” to accelerate delivery of essential goods as well as partnering with 30 major hospitals in Africa to build a China Centres for Disease Control headquarters on the continent.

‘No monopolies on access’ to COVID treatments and vaccines in a pandemic

The negotiations on access to treatments and future vaccines were far more divisive. Led by Costa Rica, developing countries and civil society organizations expressed particular concern about ensuring equitable access, including to COVID-related knowledge, lessons learned, experience, and best practices. The WHO Secretariat will have until May 29 to develop a framework for a voluntary COIVD-19 Intellectual Property Pool for patents and clinical trial data, while the EU-led resolution also references WTO TRIPS flexibilities allowing countries to override patents to ensure access.

COVID is a ‘wake-up call to our global fragility’

In his address to the World Health Assembly, the UN Secretary General called for greater unity and solidarity along three dimensions: a coordinated and comprehensive health response guided by the WHO and focusing on developing countries; policies to address the social and economic dimensions of the COVID crisis; and a response and recovery plan based on equity, inclusion and sustainability centred on human rights. Given the unprecedented nature of the pandemic, some civil society organizations such as South Centre expressed disappointment in the lack of ambition of the COVID-19 resolution. Knowledge Ecology International (KEI) likewise referred to the “typical watered down, lawyered ambiguity” of the final draft that fails to limit legal monopolies that could affect access (they noted that other proposals like Canada’s would have called for “universal and non-exclusive and open-licensing” that referenced data sharing and more expansive mandate beyond existing mechanisms).

[post_title] => World Health Assembly takes place [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => world-health-assembly-takes-place [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2020-08-13 22:31:50 [post_modified_gmt] => 2020-08-14 02:31:50 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://covid19.dighr.org/developments/covid-and-the-world-health-assembly-governing-body-of-the-who-2/ [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => development [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [3] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 2390 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2020-05-03 15:58:23 [post_date_gmt] => 2020-05-03 19:58:23 [post_content] =>

An alarming new report by the ILO estimates that nearly half of the global workforce, more than 1.6 billion people, could lose their livelihoods due to COVID-19 related reductions in global trade and increased lockdown control measures. The report projects that lost income could total US$3.4 trillion this year, as the equivalent of 200 million full-time jobs have or will disappear since the start of the pandemic. The staggering figures include many informal workers that may lack worker benefits or social protection, and push upwards of 500 million people into poverty. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights issued a Guidance for countries to adopt strategies that protection homeless people, as the Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights raised the likelihood that extreme poverty will increase for the first time in 20 years that is threatening 40 to 60 million people globally.

With incomes virtually stopping overnight in some countries, the UN Global Network Against Food Crisis warns that as many as 265 million people around the world may suffer from food insecurity and possible starvation. This includes the half a billion smallholder farmers that produce almost 80% of food consumed in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Some countries have turned to cash payments to support the poor, including Pakistan where the government announced US$900 million in emergency funds for over 80 million people. Many countries such as Bangladesh are confronted by increasing public protests due to lockdowns. In Malawi, the High Court set aside plans for a COVID-19 lockdown pending a review within seven days, as protestors against the lockdown carried placards declaring that it would be better to contract the virus than die of hunger because they are unable to work. The WHO has also expressed concern of community spread in West Africa, as multiple countries have issued targeted lockdowns and curfews in major cities in addition to restrictions on inter-urban travel, stopping short of nationwide lockdowns.

With a looming recession and ballooning debt obligations in many developing countries, the IMF urged donor countries to support economic stimulus packages to address the immediate and long-term hunger impact. UN OCHA also states that about 700 million people (10% of the world’s population) are most vulnerable and concentrated in about 30 to 40 countries which already receive humanitarian assistance and will see a big drop in incomes as the virus spreads and governments impose restrictive measures and lock downs. They estimate that US$90 billion would be needed to provide income support, protect against starvation, and support a systematic health response for the world’s most vulnerable people. This represents 1% of the approximately US$8 trillion stimulus packages that the IMF states G20 countries have put in place to safeguard their own economies. The World Bank’s Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility will meanwhile provide a modest  $200 million in pandemic bonds to 64 low- and middle-income countries to finance COVID-19 related medical and personal protective equipment, medicines and support for frontline health workers.

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Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of COVID-19 (Li et al, Science)

Findings

Using a model-inference framework, the authors estimates the contagiousness and proportion of undocumented infections of COVID-19 in 375 cities in China before (Jan 10-23) and after (Jan 24-Feb 8) implementation of control measures in Wuhan (including: travel restrictions self-quarantine and contact precautions, access to rapid testing and PPE). The effective reproduction number (Re), i.e. number of secondary infections per index infection, was 2.4. The authors estimate that before control measures, 86% of all infections were undocumented, estimated to be about half (55%) as contagious as reported infections. After Control Measures, the proportion of undocumented infections fell to 31-35%, while the Re decreased to 0.99-1.4.

Interpretation

Although inference results should be interpreted with caution, the study suggests that control measures in Wuhan as of Jan 23 altered the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak.

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While China has virtually interrupted local transmission, it remains the fifth leading country with 81,620 confirmed cases and 3,322 reported deaths. Two thirds of new infections reported in China yesterday were asymptomatic, which has been concerning as authorities have taken steps to end the lockdown of Hubei province (with Wuhan remaining under lockdown until at least April 8).

The number of reported cases and deaths in Iran, meanwhile, keep rising to 53,183 and 3,294, respectively. There are no official lockdowns in Iran’s major cities, despite internal government estimates that mortality rates could be drastically limited to 7,700 instead of the projected “tens of thousands” of deaths by adopting ‘maximum’ interventions (e.g. banning movement inside cities, quarantines).

In South Korea 35% of confirmed cases within the last two weeks have been imported cases; more stringent control measures and monitoring have gone into effect as of today to deter incoming international travel. South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore have significantly slowed new case counts, with the focus shifting to the containment of imported cases.

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While China has virtually interrupted local transmission, it remains the third leading country with 81,340 confirmed cases and 3,292 reported deaths. Imported cases are on the rise and there are small numbers of locally acquired cases periodically being reported. Authorities have indicated that China will end its lockdown of most of Hubei province while Wuhan will remain under lockdown for another ten days.

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Several Asian-Pacific countries have seen overnight changes or escalating reports: Thailand, Hong Kong, India, Philippines, Indonesia, New Zealand, and Singapore.

South Korea has slowly decreased daily new case counts to around 100-150 since March 12, although they have reported an increase in imported cases.

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The number of cases and deaths in Iran keep growing with total number of cases increasing to 32,332 and the death toll is 2,926. More than half of all Iranian government employees are staying home as part of measures to contain the outbreak. The government has not imposed any travel ban or lockdowns. The significant translocation of the population for the Persian New Year holidays is of concern as it may lead to continued intra-country/provincial exportations of the virus.

[post_title] => Growing numbers of cases and deaths in Iran [post_excerpt] => [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => growing-numbers-of-cases-and-deaths-in-iran [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2020-08-13 22:45:48 [post_modified_gmt] => 2020-08-14 02:45:48 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://covid19.dighr.org/developments/growing-numbers-of-cases-and-deaths-in-iran-2/ [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => development [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) ) [post_count] => 9 [current_post] => -1 [before_loop] => [in_the_loop] => [post] => WP_Post Object ( [ID] => 2006 [post_author] => 1 [post_date] => 2020-06-10 22:20:09 [post_date_gmt] => 2020-06-22 02:20:09 [post_content] =>

The WHO and UNHCR signed an agreement to strengthen partnerships and operational capacities that focus on improving access to health services for some 70 million forcibly displaced people around the world from COVID-19. The poorest countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America are facing pandemic-induced economic and public-health emergencies that demand immediate action. G20 leaders therefore must agree now on measures to prevent the current recession from deepening, and to mitigate its impact on the world’s most vulnerable people. We are at a critical moment, because the poorest countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America are facing economic and public-health emergencies that demand immediate action.

[post_title] => A call to protect vulnerable populations from COVID-19 [post_excerpt] => The WHO and UNHCR signed an agreement to strengthen partnerships and operational capacities that focus on improving access [post_status] => publish [comment_status] => closed [ping_status] => closed [post_password] => [post_name] => a-call-to-protect-vulnerable-populations-from-covid-19 [to_ping] => [pinged] => [post_modified] => 2020-11-03 09:33:18 [post_modified_gmt] => 2020-11-03 14:33:18 [post_content_filtered] => [post_parent] => 0 [guid] => https://covid19.dighr.org/developments/a-call-to-protect-vulnerable-populations-from-covid-19/ [menu_order] => 0 [post_type] => development [post_mime_type] => [comment_count] => 0 [filter] => raw ) [comment_count] => 0 [current_comment] => -1 [found_posts] => 9 [max_num_pages] => 1 [max_num_comment_pages] => 0 [is_single] => [is_preview] => [is_page] => [is_archive] => 1 [is_date] => [is_year] => [is_month] => [is_day] => [is_time] => [is_author] => [is_category] => [is_tag] => [is_tax] => 1 [is_search] => [is_feed] => [is_comment_feed] => [is_trackback] => [is_home] => [is_privacy_policy] => [is_404] => [is_embed] => [is_paged] => [is_admin] => [is_attachment] => [is_singular] => [is_robots] => [is_favicon] => [is_posts_page] => [is_post_type_archive] => [query_vars_hash:WP_Query:private] => ea3f1104aace457cad1fd1e33e424323 [query_vars_changed:WP_Query:private] => [thumbnails_cached] => [allow_query_attachment_by_filename:protected] => [stopwords:WP_Query:private] => [compat_fields:WP_Query:private] => Array ( [0] => query_vars_hash [1] => query_vars_changed ) [compat_methods:WP_Query:private] => Array ( [0] => init_query_flags [1] => parse_tax_query ) [query_cache_key:WP_Query:private] => wp_query:4a0e4be2c65aec0489443c47445d355b )